Area of Study: Marine iguanas

As part of the DARWIN200 global conservation initiative, this project focused on the unique marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) of San Cristóbal Island in the Galápagos Archipelago. The only seafaring lizards on Earth, marine iguanas are a striking example of evolutionary adaptation, yet they now face mounting threats to their survival.

Led by DARWIN Leader Maanit Goel, the project unfolded in three phases. The first phase focused on identifying primary threats, with special attention given to invasive species such as feral cats, dogs, and rats. These predators pose a significant risk to iguana eggs and hatchlings. Climate change was also identified as a critical challenge, as warming seas and ocean acidification threaten the growth of algae, the iguanas’ sole food source.

In the second phase, existing conservation efforts were documented, including protected areas and invasive species control programs already underway on the island. However, issues such as limited enforcement and resource constraints were noted.

The final phase explored potential strategies to strengthen conservation, drawing inspiration from successful efforts elsewhere in the Galápagos, such as the aerial distribution of rodenticide used in rat eradication programs on Floreana Island. These approaches aim to support the long-term survival of this rare and remarkable species.